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State of the Art Reviews: Methods of Evaluation: Issues and Implications for Physical Activity Referral Schemes

Centre for Sport & Exercise Research, Staffordshire University, Stoke on Trent, UK, c.gidlow{at}staffs.ac.uk

Lynne H. Johnston, MSc, PhD

Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

Diane Crone, PhD

Faculty of Sport, Health & Social Care, University of Gloucestershire, Gloucester UK

David V. B. James, PhD

Faculty of Sport, Health & Social Care, University of Gloucestershire, Gloucester UK

In the pursuit of evidence-based practice, the common focus on controlled research within physical activity and health promotion has created a restricted view of the acceptable type of evidence on which practice should be based. To improve our understanding of physical activity (and other behavioral) interventions, a more holistic approach to evaluation is required. In the context of physical activity referral schemes, this article considers the implications of adhering to this narrow definition of "acceptable" evidence and the importance of recognizing alternative evaluative approaches.

Key Words: exercise referral • evidence-based practice • evidence-informed practice • longitudinal cohort design

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